Tell us five wrong operation methods of diesel generator:

（1）冷啟動(dòng)后未暖機(jī)就帶負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

(1) After the cold start, the engine operates with load without warming up.

柴油機(jī)冷機(jī)啟動(dòng)時(shí)，由于機(jī)油黏度大、流動(dòng)性差，是機(jī)油泵供油不足，機(jī)器摩擦面因缺油潤滑不良，造成急劇磨損，甚至發(fā)生拉缸、燒瓦等故障。因此，柴油機(jī)冷卻啟動(dòng)后應(yīng)怠速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)升溫，待機(jī)油溫度達(dá)到40℃以上時(shí)再帶負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；機(jī)器起步應(yīng)掛低速擋，并循序每一擋位行駛一段里程，直到油溫正常、供油充分后，方可轉(zhuǎn)為正常行駛。

During the cold start of the diesel engine, due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of the engine oil, the oil supply of the engine oil pump is insufficient, and the friction surface of the machine is poorly lubricated due to lack of oil, resulting in rapid wear, and even cylinder pulling, Bush burning and other failures. Therefore, after the diesel engine is cooled and started, it should run at idle speed to raise the temperature, and then run with load when the oil temperature reaches more than 40 ℃; When starting the machine, shift to the low gear and drive for a certain mileage in each gear in sequence until the oil temperature is normal and the oil supply is sufficient.

（2）柴油機(jī)機(jī)油不足時(shí)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

(2) The diesel engine runs when the engine oil is insufficient.

此時(shí)會(huì)因機(jī)油供給不足而造成各摩擦副表面供油不足，導(dǎo)致異常磨損或燒傷。為此，機(jī)器起步前和柴油機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中要保證機(jī)油充足，防止由于缺油而引起拉缸、燒瓦故障。

At this time, insufficient oil supply on the friction pair surface will be caused due to insufficient oil supply, resulting in abnormal wear or burns. Therefore, before starting the machine and during the operation of the diesel engine, ensure that the engine oil is sufficient to prevent cylinder pulling and Bush burning due to lack of oil.

（3）帶負(fù)荷急停機(jī)或突然卸除負(fù)荷后立刻停機(jī) 。

(3) Emergency shutdown with load or immediate shutdown after sudden unloading of load.

柴油機(jī)熄火后冷卻系水的循環(huán)停止，散熱能力急劇降低，受熱件失去冷卻，易造成氣缸蓋、氣缸套、氣缸體等機(jī)件過熱，產(chǎn)生裂紋，或使活塞過度膨脹卡死缸套內(nèi)。另一方面，柴油機(jī)停機(jī)時(shí)未經(jīng)怠速降溫，會(huì)使摩擦面含油不足，當(dāng)柴油機(jī)再次啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)因潤滑不良而加劇磨損。因此，柴油機(jī)熄火前應(yīng)卸除負(fù)荷，并逐漸降低轉(zhuǎn)速、空載運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)幾分鐘。

After the diesel engine flameout, the circulation of cooling water stops, the heat dissipation capacity decreases sharply, and the heating parts lose cooling, which is easy to cause overheating of cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder block and other parts, resulting in cracks, or excessive expansion of piston and seizure in cylinder liner. On the other hand, if the diesel engine is shut down without idle cooling, the oil content on the friction surface will be insufficient, and the wear will be aggravated due to poor lubrication when the diesel engine is started again. Therefore, before the diesel engine stalls, the load shall be removed, the speed shall be gradually reduced and the engine shall run without load for several minutes.

（4）柴油機(jī)冷啟動(dòng)后猛轟油門。

(4) The diesel engine slammed the throttle after cold start.

若猛轟油門，則柴油機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速急劇升高，會(huì)造成機(jī)上的有些摩擦面因產(chǎn)生干摩擦而劇烈磨損。另外，轟油門時(shí)活塞、連桿和曲軸受理力變化大，引起劇烈撞擊，易損壞機(jī)件。

If the throttle is slammed, the speed of the diesel engine will increase sharply, which will cause severe wear of some friction surfaces on the engine due to dry friction. In addition, the force of piston, connecting rod and crankshaft changes greatly when the throttle is blown, causing severe impact and easy to damage the parts.

（5）冷卻水量不足或冷卻水、機(jī)油溫度過高的情況下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

(5) It operates when the cooling water is insufficient or the temperature of cooling water and oil is too high.

柴油機(jī)冷卻水量不足會(huì)降低其冷卻效果，柴油機(jī)因得不到有效的冷卻而過熱；冷卻水、機(jī)油的油溫過高，也會(huì)引起柴油機(jī)過熱。此時(shí)氣缸蓋、氣缸套、活塞組件及氣門等主要受熱負(fù)荷大，其機(jī)械性能如強(qiáng)度、韌性等急劇下降，使零件變形增加，減小了零件間的配合間隙，加速機(jī)件磨損，嚴(yán)重時(shí)還會(huì)產(chǎn)生裂紋、機(jī)件卡住的故障。冷卻水、機(jī)油溫度過高會(huì)加快機(jī)油老化變質(zhì)和燒損，且機(jī)油黏度下降，套缸和活塞及主要摩擦副的條件潤滑條件惡化，產(chǎn)生異常磨損。柴油機(jī)過熱還會(huì)惡化柴油機(jī)燃燒過程，使噴油器工作失常，霧化不良，積炭增多。

Insufficient cooling water of diesel engine will reduce its cooling effect, and the diesel engine will overheat due to lack of effective cooling; Too high oil temperature of cooling water and engine oil will also cause overheating of diesel engine. At this time, the main heating loads of cylinder head, cylinder sleeve, piston assembly and valve are large, and their mechanical properties such as strength and toughness are sharply reduced, which increases the deformation of parts, reduces the fit clearance between parts, accelerates the wear of parts, and even causes cracks and stuck parts in serious cases. Too high temperature of cooling water and engine oil will accelerate the aging, deterioration and burning of engine oil, reduce the viscosity of engine oil, deteriorate the lubrication conditions of casing, piston and main friction pairs, and cause abnormal wear. Overheating of the diesel engine will also worsen the combustion process of the diesel engine, resulting in abnormal operation of the fuel injector, poor atomization and increased carbon deposition.

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