一、生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電機組發(fā)電方式：生物質(zhì)氣化發(fā)電可通過三種途徑實現(xiàn)：生物質(zhì)氣化產(chǎn)生燃氣作為燃料直接進入燃氣鍋爐生產(chǎn)蒸汽，再驅(qū)動蒸汽輪機發(fā)電；也可將凈化后的燃氣送給燃氣輪機燃燒發(fā)電；還可以將凈化后的燃氣送入內(nèi)燃機直接發(fā)電。在發(fā)電和投資規(guī)模上，它們分別對應(yīng)于大規(guī)模、中等規(guī)模和小規(guī)模的發(fā)電。

　　1、 The power generation method of biomass gas generator set: Biomass gasification power generation can be achieved through three ways: biomass gasification produces gas as fuel, which directly enters the gas boiler to produce steam, and then drives the steam turbine to generate electricity; The purified gas can also be sent to a gas turbine for combustion and power generation; The purified gas can also be sent to the internal combustion engine for direct power generation. In terms of power generation and investment scale, they correspond to large-scale, medium scale, and small-scale power generation, respectively.

　　在商業(yè)上最為成功的生物質(zhì)氣化內(nèi)燃發(fā)電技術(shù)，由于具有裝機容量小、布置靈活、投資少、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、技術(shù)可靠、運行費用低廉、經(jīng)濟效益顯著、操作維護簡單和對燃氣質(zhì)量要求較低等特點，而得到廣泛的推廣與應(yīng)用。

　　The most successful biomass gasification internal combustion power generation technology in business has been widely promoted and applied due to its small installed capacity, flexible layout, low investment, compact structure, reliable technology, low operating costs, significant economic benefits, simple operation and maintenance, and low requirements for gas quality.

　　二、生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電機組成成分：生物質(zhì)氣化內(nèi)燃發(fā)電系統(tǒng)主要由氣化爐、燃氣凈化系統(tǒng)和內(nèi)燃發(fā)電機等組成：氣化爐是將生物質(zhì)能由固態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為燃氣的裝置。生物質(zhì)在氣化爐內(nèi)通過控制空氣供應(yīng)量，而進行不完全燃燒，實現(xiàn)低值生物質(zhì)能由固體向氣態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化，生成包含氫氣（H2）、一氧化碳（CO）、甲烷（CH4）、多碳烴（CnHm）等可燃成分的燃氣，完成生物質(zhì)的氣化過程。

　　2、 Composition of biomass gas generator: The biomass gasification internal combustion power generation system mainly consists of a gasifier, a gas purification system, and an internal combustion generator. The gasifier is a device that converts biomass energy from solid state to gas. Biomass undergoes incomplete combustion in a gasifier by controlling the air supply, achieving the conversion of low value biomass energy from solid to gas, generating combustible gases including hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and hydrocarbons (CnHm), completing the gasification process of biomass.

　　氣化產(chǎn)生的燃氣出口溫度隨氣化爐型式的不同，在350℃～650℃之間，并且燃氣中含有未完全裂解的焦油及灰塵等雜質(zhì)，為滿足內(nèi)燃機長期可靠工作的要求，需要對燃氣進行冷卻和凈化處理，使燃氣溫度降到40℃以下、焦油灰塵含量控制在50mg/Nm3以內(nèi)，燃氣經(jīng)過凈化后，再進入內(nèi)燃機發(fā)電。

　　The outlet temperature of the gas generated by gasification varies depending on the type of gasifier, ranging from 350 ℃ to 650 ℃. The gas also contains impurities such as incompletely cracked tar and dust. In order to meet the long-term reliable operation requirements of internal combustion engines, it is necessary to cool and purify the gas to reduce the temperature to below 40 ℃ and control the tar and dust content within 50mg/Nm3. After purification, the gas enters the internal combustion engine for power generation.

　　在內(nèi)燃機內(nèi)，燃氣混合空氣燃燒做功，驅(qū)動主軸高速轉(zhuǎn)動，主軸再帶動發(fā)電機進行發(fā)電。

　　In an internal combustion engine, the mixture of gas and air burns to do work, driving the main shaft to rotate at high speed, which in turn drives the generator to generate electricity.

　　生物質(zhì)氣化內(nèi)燃發(fā)電就是通過以上過程，將各種廢棄物化廢為寶，轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)質(zhì)電能，解決廢棄物的污染和能源的合理利用問題。

　　Biomass gasification internal combustion power generation is the process of turning various waste materials into treasure, converting them into high-quality electricity, and solving the problems of waste pollution and rational energy utilization.

　　三、生物質(zhì)氣發(fā)電機組的組成與工作原理

　　3、 Composition and Working Principle of Biomass Gas Generator Unit

　　1. 系統(tǒng)組成

　　1. System composition

　　生物質(zhì)氣化單元：將生物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為生物質(zhì)氣，包括氣化爐（如固定床、流化床等）、凈化裝置（去除焦油、灰塵、硫化物等雜質(zhì)）。

　　Biomass gasification unit: converting biomass into biomass gas, including gasification furnaces (such as fixed beds, fluidized beds, etc.), purification devices (removing impurities such as tar, dust, sulfides, etc.).

　　燃氣發(fā)電單元：利用生物質(zhì)氣驅(qū)動發(fā)電機發(fā)電，主要有以下類型：

　　Gas power generation unit: using biomass gas to drive generators for power generation, mainly including the following types:

　　內(nèi)燃機發(fā)電機組：通過燃氣內(nèi)燃機燃燒生物質(zhì)氣驅(qū)動發(fā)電機，技術(shù)成熟、啟動靈活，適用于中小功率（通常 50-5000 kW）。

　　Internal combustion engine generator set: The generator is driven by burning biomass gas through a gas internal combustion engine, with mature technology and flexible start-up, suitable for small and medium power (usually 50-5000 kW).

　　燃氣輪機發(fā)電機組：利用燃氣輪機高溫高壓燃氣推動渦輪做功發(fā)電，效率較高，適合大功率（1000 kW 以上）場景，但對氣體純度要求較高。

　　Gas turbine generator set: using high-temperature and high-pressure gas from a gas turbine to drive the turbine to do work and generate electricity, with high efficiency, suitable for high-power (over 1000 kW) scenarios, but with high requirements for gas purity.

　　燃料電池：通過電化學反應(yīng)直接將化學能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，效率高、污染小，目前尚處于研發(fā)和示范階段。

　　Fuel cell: It directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, with high efficiency and low pollution. Currently, it is still in the research and demonstration stage.

　　輔助系統(tǒng)：包括燃料供給系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)等。

　　Auxiliary systems: including fuel supply system, cooling system, control system, grid connected system, etc.

　　2. 工作原理

　　2. Working principle

　　生物質(zhì)經(jīng)氣化爐轉(zhuǎn)化為生物質(zhì)氣，凈化后進入發(fā)動機（或燃氣輪機）燃燒，產(chǎn)生的機械能驅(qū)動發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)，切割磁感線產(chǎn)生電能，最后通過并網(wǎng)裝置將電能輸送至電網(wǎng)或供用戶使用。

　　Biomass is converted into biomass gas through a gasifier, purified and then enters the engine (or gas turbine) for combustion. The generated mechanical energy drives the rotor of the generator to rotate, cutting magnetic induction lines to generate electrical energy. Finally, the electrical energy is transmitted to the grid or used by users through a grid connected device.

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